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Retail sales up 0.7% in September as American consumers defy rising prices, interest_我的网站

A |     新华社上海4月20日电（记者     张建松）神秘遥远的冰雪大陆南极洲，覆盖着平均厚度超过2400米的冰盖，下面隐藏了许多令人叹为观止、形态各异的冰下湖。    NEW YORK -- Americans showed their steadfast resilience and kept spending online, at restaurants and other outlets in September even as they grappled with higher prices, rising interest rates and a host of other headwinds piling up.Retail sales rose 0.7% in September, more than twice what economists had expected, and close to a revised 0.8% bump in August, the Commerce Department reported Tuesday. Retail sales in August were inflated after gasoline prices spiked, however. That was not the case in September when gas prices rose more slowly.A closely watched category of retail sales that excludes auto dealers, gas stations and building materials and feeds into the gross domestic product jumped 0.6% last month compared to the prior month.Tuesday's sales figures aren't adjusted for inflation, but the cost of goods barely rose last month, so the increased spending isn't a reflection of higher prices. Prices for durable goods, such as those sold by appliance and electronics stores, actually fell last month.The government’s monthly retail sales report offers only a partial look at consumer spending; it doesn’t include many services, including health care, travel and hotel lodging. But it does cover spending at restaurants, which had a solid 0.9% increase. Spending online rose 1.1% last month, according to the report. Sales at general merchandise stores rose 0.4%. Sales at home furnishings and furniture stores were flat, while electronics stores and outlets that sell building materials saw declines reflecting a difficult housing market. The retail sales report, which reflects the sixth consecutive monthly gain, reinforces the fact that American consumers, as a whole, are showing no signs of pulling back on their spending, which powers most of the economy. That spending comes despite attempts by the Federal Reserve to cool spending and hiring. That's good news heading into the critical holiday shopping season. But the robust sales report also means that the Fed officials could leave the door open for additional rate hikes. That means that shoppers could face higher interest rates for awhile.“If the cost-of-living crisis has hit consumer confidence, you wouldn’t know it judging by a second month of strong retail sales with the consumer buying everything that wasn’t nailed down,” said Christopher S. Rupkey, chief economist at FWDBONDS LLC, a financial markets research company. “Fed officials have another rate hike this year up on their forecast board, and they will need to use it, if the economic data continues to surprise economists on the upside.” Still, questions remain whether shoppers will finally buckle under more bad news piling up from federal budget wrangling, the resumption of student loan repayments, and new global tensions tied to the Oct. 7 surprise attack by Hamas in Israel. The moratorium on student loan payments lifted Oct. 1. Analysts say that shoppers could also become rattled if the Israel-Hamas war is not contained.Moreover, the relentless spending by shoppers also comes at a cost to their household finances.“We have repeatedly under-estimated the U.S. consumer, “ said Tim Quinlan, a senior economist at Wells Fargo Economics. ”But in pulling off this spending spree, consumers have dented their household finances, a theme that is evident not only in the diminished savings, but also the trend rise in credit card delinquencies.”Healthy consumer spending is expected to lift the economy's growth rate to about 3.5% or possibly even higher in the July-September quarter. September's strong sales also suggests the economy may not slow as much in the final three months of the year as previously expected, analysts said. The retail sales report came as businesses across the U.S. economy ramped up hiring in September, defying surging interest rates, and the ongoing threat of a government shutdown. The strength of hiring has surprised economists inside and outside of the Fed. Consumer prices rose 0.4% from August to September, below the previous month’s 0.6% pace. The report from the Labor Department also showed that year-over-year inflation was flat last month from a 3.7% rise in August.Meanwhile, retailers are pulling out discounts and other incentives to get shoppers to open their wallets for the holiday season as they worry about shoppers' finances. Best Buy, the nation's largest consumer electronics retailer, unveiled a new experience that gives shoppers a chance to access some of the biggest deals and cool gadgets of the holiday season. The items, which kicked off late last month, are only available in limited quantities and exclusively through the Best Buy app. ——————AP Economics Writer Christopher Rugaber contributed to this report from Washington.——————Follow Anne D’Innocenzio: http://twitter.com/ADInnocenzio。我国科学家利用一种新的分析方法，在东南极冰盖下新发现了46个冰下湖。　　这项研究由中国极地研究中心冰雪所极地冰盖多圈层相互作用与气候变化研究团队，联合中国地质大学（武汉）地球物理与空间信息学院傅磊教授团队、南方科技大学地球与空间科学系陈晓非教授团队共同完成。国际学术期刊《冰冻圈》近日刊登了相关研究论文。　　我国“雪鹰601”固定翼飞机在南极冰盖进行冰下湖探测调查。新华社发　　据中国极地研究中心冰雪所极地冰盖多圈层相互作用与气候变化研究团队负责人唐学远介绍，当处于融化状态的冰流流过南极冰盖冰底的凹陷，并以当地最小的水势聚集时，冰盖底部就会形成冰下湖。

B | 根据现在的统计，科学家在南极冰盖下方共发现675个冰下湖，其中有3个冰下湖被成功钻探取样。　　“南极冰下湖通常位于数千米厚的冰层之下，具有高压、低温、黑暗、寡营养等极端环境特征，具有极其独特的生态系统，包含丰富的冰盖历史和气候变化信息。越过接地线、进入冰架下空腔的湖水，还可能改变冰架-海洋相互作用，进而引发海洋环流变异。因此，开展南极冰下湖研究对于冰盖动力学、沉积过程和冰下地球化学环境以及生命演化等都具有重要意义。

C | ”唐学远说。　　中国第40次南极考察队员在麒麟冰下湖的冰面架设气象站。新华社发（李传金摄）　　冰雷达探测是搜寻南极冰下湖并解析其结构的主要方法之一。在冰雷达图像中，冰下湖通常被记录为冰岩界面附近清晰、明亮且平坦的二维反射特征。早期有关冰下湖的发现主要来自对冰雷达图像中的这些特殊视觉特征的判读与解译。随着冰雷达探测技术发展，基于人工经验的自动或半自动判读方法受到了巨量数据的限制，繁复费时且易产生误判。　　经过深入研究，我国科学家团队提出了一种针对冰雷达数据显示的冰底反射波形特征，进行变分自动编码（VAE）的新方法，实现了对冰底单道雷达反射回波信号的科学分类。

D | 利用该方法，研究团队对东南极甘布尔采夫山脉AGAP-S区域的冰雷达图像进行了全面扫描。结果发现，该区域存在许多基于传统方法未能识别的几何轮廓更为狭小的冰下湖，数量多达46个。　　变分自动编码器(VAE)从冰雷达图像中揭示的新冰下湖。新华社发（中国极地研究中心供图）　　业内专家认为，这种自动检测南极冰下湖的VAE聚类新方法，不仅可以显著提高冰下湖的发现效率与精确度，还有望扩展到检测和标记更多的南极冰下环境类型，为南极冰盖底部和内部结构的深入研究提供技术支撑。

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